A practical PCB fabrication package
A Gerber file describes one plotted image, not an entire PCB project. A typical two-layer order therefore includes separate top and bottom copper, solder-mask and silkscreen images, a board outline, and drill data. Assembly orders can also require paste layers, component placement data and a bill of materials.
Filename extensions such as .gtl and .gbs are conventions rather than a complete guarantee. Gerber X2 can include attributes such as FileFunction that identify a file's purpose inside the file. The inspector shows that attribute when present and falls back to the filename when it is absent.
Common files and what they mean
| Typical file | Purpose | Preflight question |
|---|---|---|
.gtl / .gbl | Top / bottom copper | Are both copper sides present and using the same origin? |
.gts / .gbs | Solder mask openings | Are pad openings and mask clearances visible in CAM? |
.gto / .gbo | Silkscreen | Does text avoid exposed pads and board edges? |
.gtp / .gbp | Solder paste | Is the correct side selected for the stencil? |
.gko / .gm1 | Outline / mechanical | Is there one closed outline with intentional slots? |
.drl | Drill coordinates | Are units, origin, plated and non-plated holes correct? |
A report-first release workflow
Visual inspection and structural checks answer different questions. Start with the package report to catch missing or inconsistent files, then use a CAM viewer to inspect the actual artwork. Keeping the downloaded HTML report with the released ZIP also creates a lightweight record of what was checked.
Recommended preflight order
- Run electrical and design-rule checks in the PCB editor before exporting.
- Export the intended copper, mask, silkscreen, outline and drill outputs into a clean folder.
- Run the final ZIP through the local checker to catch missing core files, mixed units, duplicate roles, unknown formats and suspicious coordinate envelopes.
- Open the exact final manufacturing archive in a real CAM viewer. Metadata inspection cannot prove that artwork, clearances or polarity are visually correct.
- Compare the board-house preview and order parameters with the design: layer count, thickness, copper weight, finish, color and controlled-impedance requirements.
Why the inspector does not claim to be a CAM validator
The browser tool performs a fast structural pass. It does not fully implement every Gerber aperture macro, polarity operation, step-and-repeat rule or Excellon dialect, and it does not render manufacturing artwork. The reported width and height are coordinate extents, not a guaranteed finished board dimension. A successful report means the file looks structured enough for the next review step; it is not manufacturing approval.
Primary references
- Ucamco Gerber specifications and official test files
- KiCad GerbView documentation
- KiCad PCB Editor: fabrication outputs and plotting
Last reviewed: July 31, 2026. If a reference or parser result is wrong, send the page URL and a minimal non-confidential sample through the contact page.